Browse Volumes & Issues

In this present 21st century competitive world, getting success depends on various factors and skills, apart from traditional learning. Inculcating skills like – Communication, Team work, Time Management, Work ethics – not only gives an advantage, but has become a pre-requisite for a successful professional career. These skills are essential personal skills and social capabilities people need to be able to perform most jobs. This paper focuses on soft skills and its different aspects and how it becomes an essential criterion for career development.

A reported binuclear Cu(II) complex of the type [Cu2(L1)2] [L1 = 2- Hydroxy-3-[(2-hydroxyethylimino)-methyl]-5-methyl-benzaldehyde] and another reported mononuclear Cu(II) complex [Cu(L2)2](ClO4)2 [L2 = 2-[(phenyl-pyridine-2-yl-methylene)-amino]-ethanol] were investigated for pH dependent catecholase activity in which 3,5-di-tertiary-butylcatechol was oxidized to 3,5-di-tert-butyl-obenzoquinone derivative, in methanol (MeOH) solvent. A comparison was made with reference to the turnover numbers for the catalytic activity in basic medium for the mononuclear and the dinuclear complexes.

Electromagnetic braking system is based on the principle of electromagnetism to achieve friction less braking in which applying brakes using electronic and magnetic power. This increases the lifecycle and trustworthiness of brakes since no friction leads to less wearing out of brakes. This is imminent of braking systems. It is smaller in size compared to the traditional braking systems. when magnetic flux passed in a perpendicular direction to the rotating wheel, an eddy current flow in a reverse to the rotational direction of the wheel. This produces an opposing force to the rotation of wheel and in turn reduces the speed of wheel rotation. It develops a torque and finally the vehicle comes to rest. This braking system can be combined in heavy vehicles as an auxiliary brake. It can be used in commercial vehicles by monitoring the current supplied to generate the magnetic flux. As per the requirement of vehicle pilot a required torque can be generate to slow down the vehicle. This new braking system minimize the road accident now a days. This paper is focused on basic summarized version of electromagnetic braking system including types, component, construction, working principal, application and it’s future scope of application and modification.

Water vapour in the air can be extracted by condensation - cooling the air below its dew point, exposing the air to desiccants, or pressurizing the air. Unlike a dehumidifier, an ATMOSPHERIC WATER GENERATOR(AWG) is designed to render the water potable. AWGs are useful where pure drinking water is difficult or impossible to obtain, because there is almost always a small amount of water in the air that can be extracted. The two primary techniques in use are cooling and desiccants. Many atmospheric water generators operate in a manner very similar to that of a dehumidifier: air is moved over a cooled coil, causing water to condense. The rate of water production depends on the ambient temperature, humidity, the volume of air passing over the coil, and the machine's capacity to cool the coil. These systems shrinkage air temperature, which in turn reduces the air's capacity to carry water vapour.

Microstrip patch antenna is a scientific field of research that has opened the door to 5G communication and future 6G communication devices. Initially the microstrip patch antenna was designed in rectangular, circular, and triangular shaped and later to improve the antenna parameters, several modifications have been done in the patch structure as well as in the ground plane structure which is basically called its structural improvement/modification. Such modification helped to cover multiband, broadband, and wideband characteristics in the 5G frequency spectrum. Many performance improvement techniques are reviewed and presented in this paper. This paper also covers the necessary improvement of antenna performance parameters while geometric modifications have done.

This paper assessed and cartographically analysed the impact of coastal geo-environmental hazards upon coastal resources and also human life. Cyclonic storms, high wave action, tidal bore, coastal flood and also coastal erosion are the main geo-environmental hazards over the Bay of Bengal coastal area especially Digha-Junput coastal tract of west Bengal. Sea surface temperature over a period of 50 years was observed through this study to be changing up to the magnitude of about 0.019°C/year over the Bay of Bengal between the period from 1972-2005. As a result, accelerated trend for the genesis and favourable condition for the sever cyclone of 1978, 1988, 1989, 1995, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2019, 2020 and 2021 and local sea level has risen, on average 15 cm/last 3 decades. High wave action and coastal flood due to cyclonic storms and also high rainfall during the monsoon seasons (In record and evidence of highest sea gauge during the last 30 years generally increasing which relatively 2 m to 3 m) have been affected to coastal environment. On the other hand, coastal erosion is another geomorphic hazard identified in this study to be due to high wave action during the cyclonic period and also monsoonal season. In result about 25 m to 50 m/year coastal land has been eroded at Digha-Junput and adjoining coastal tract.

Wind Driven Rain (WDR) is referred to as the most important source of moisture intrusion in the vertical building facades. It has been a major source of concern from the durability aspects of a building as adequate information about it is required for a good hygrothermal performance of a building. Rain with simultaneous occurrence of wind gives rise to an oblique intensity rain vector which is referred to as WDR. The exposure of the facades of a building to WDR is significantly important to calculate the wet load and adopt suitable measures to protect the building. The WDR distribution on the vertical building façade depends on wind speed and rainfall intensity. It is also affected by climatic conditions as per geographical location, components of building and materials used for construction of wall surface. India is a large country with complex geographical features and varied climates in various regions. Hence to promote the construction of sustainable building construction and facilitate the renovation of existing buildings in India, it is necessary to calculate the amount of WDR in various regions of India to draw WDR map of India. In this paper WDR map using data of 61 years (1951-2010) has been used to calculate the Driving Rain Index (DRI) values. Then by using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method and Kringing method of ArcGIS the WDR map is prepared and then comparison has been done. It is found that the Kringing method of interpolation to prepare WDR map gives more accurate results.

In the present scenario of agriculture, production of crop has become a great challenge in places with scared resources. Hence a data driven approach using Internet of Things to determine the volume of water required for irrigation has been taken into consideration. Sensors are implemented all over the crop field to collect the parameters of crop field in real time that are processed remotely to determine the volume of water. Therefore, accurate readings from the sensors in a crop field play an important role to determine the amount of water to irrigate in the field. In this paper the authors have created a testbed to show about the effect of improper placement of sensors in soil can spoil the readings obtained from testbed. In this testbed model a client server model has been prepared using ESP32 that collects soil moisture, temperature and relative humidity over the area and sends it to the central node (server) using ESP-NOW protocol. The field parameters collected from this model have been plotted to show the variation among the field parameters.

People often get frustrated when the internet speed becomes dead slow. When more than one person make access on an internet, the traffic becomes high and the speed gradually decreases, to overcome such difficulty a German physicist Herald Hass has come up with a solution called Data through illumination. 10 megabits per sec data rates will be produced by D-LIGHT which is comparatively faster than the average broadband connection. Hence a future can be envisioned having light as transmitting medium to our laptops, smartphones, and tablets. And security would be a snap- if you away from the light source you cannot access the data.

A method for constructing Highway,road, yards or parking it is the replacement of melting and soling. In civil Engineering it is introduced as a bio enzyme named Terrazyme,can be used as soil stabilizer.Day by day the populations are growing with high traffic volume and density that’s why highway is required. Sub-base is the actual layer of flexible pavement through which wheel load can be transferred and spread in such a way that it prevents Shear and Unconsolidated deformation.There is a new technology which can improves the different properties of sub soil. It is an experiment to stabilise the soil by using Terrazyme which is a naturally processed bio enzyme and it is ready to use. It is a non-corrosivenon-flammable liquid formation produced by fermentation of vegetable extract that improve geotechnical or engineering properties of soil providing higher soil compaction densities and increasing stability.The main feature of TerraZyme is the remarkable cost saving aspect. TerraZyme saves cost from 15% to 40% in comparison to the conventional system of road construction. Maintenance cost is dramatically reduced up to about 75%. In this study laterite soil with different index properties have been tested for stabilization and strength of stabilized soil is evaluated after the curing period of 0day,7 day,14 days,21days and 28days for different enzyme dosage200ml/3m3,200ml/2.5m3,200ml/2m3,200ml/1.5m3.The obtained results were analyzed and investigated in terms of compaction, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR).The changes in engineering properties of the stabilized and unstabilised soils were monitored after curing periods of 0, 7, 15, 21 and 30 days. Changes in compaction properties, UCS and CBR were observed. Based on laboratory data, it has found that laterite treated with terrazyme can give better CBR value. It was also studied that kaloine cannot be treated with Terrazyme.Cohesive soil is mostly preferable for Terrazyme.