Articles

This paper assessed and cartographically analysed the impact of coastal geo-environmental hazards upon coastal resources and also human life. Cyclonic storms, high wave action, tidal bore, coastal flood and also coastal erosion are the main geo-environmental hazards over the Bay of Bengal coastal area especially Digha-Junput coastal tract of west Bengal. Sea surface temperature over a period of 50 years was observed through this study to be changing up to the magnitude of about 0.019 C/year over the Bay of Bengal between the period from 1972-2005. As a result, accelerated trend for the genesis and favourable condition for the sever cyclone of 1978, 1988, 1989, 1995, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2019, 2020 and 2021 and local sea level has risen, on average 15 cm/last 3 decades. High wave action and coastal flood due to cyclonic storms and also high rainfall during the monsoon seasons (In record and evidence of highest sea gauge during the last 30 years generally increasing which relatively 2 m to 3 m) have been affected to coastal environment. On the other hand, coastal erosion is another geomorphic hazard identified in this study to be due to high wave action during the cyclonic period and also monsoonal season. In result about 25 m to 50 m/year coastal land has been eroded at Digha-Junput and adjoining coastal tract.

In the present scenario of agriculture, production of crop has become a great challenge in places with scared resources. Hence a data driven approach using Internet of Things to determine the volume of water required for irrigation has been taken into consideration. Sensors are implemented all over the crop field to collect the parameters of crop field in real time that are processed remotely to determine the volume of water. Therefore, accurate readings from the sensors in a crop field play an important role to determine the amount of water to irrigate in the field. In this paper the authors have created a testbed to show about the effect of improper placement of sensors in soil can spoil the readings obtained from testbed. In this testbed model a client server model has been prepared using ESP32 that collects soil moisture, temperature and relative humidity over the area and sends it to the central node (server) using ESP-NOW protocol. The field parameters collected from this model have been plotted to show the variation among the field parameters.

A method for constructing Highway,road, yards or parking it is the replacement of melting and soling. In civil Engineering it is introduced as a bio enzyme named Terrazyme,can be used as soil stabilizer.Day by day the populations are growing with high traffic volume and density that s why highway is required. Sub-base is the actual layer of flexible pavement through which wheel load can be transferred and spread in such a way that it prevents Shear and Unconsolidated deformation.There is a new technology which can improves the different properties of sub soil. It is an experiment to stabilise the soil by using Terrazyme which is a naturally processed bio enzyme and it is ready to use. It is a non-corrosivenon-flammable liquid formation produced by fermentation of vegetable extract that improve geotechnical or engineering properties of soil providing higher soil compaction densities and increasing stability.The main feature of TerraZyme is the remarkable cost saving aspect. TerraZyme saves cost from 15% to 40% in comparison to the conventional system of road construction. Maintenance cost is dramatically reduced up to about 75%. In this study laterite soil with different index properties have been tested for stabilization and strength of stabilized soil is evaluated after the curing period of 0day,7 day,14 days,21days and 28days for different enzyme dosage200ml/3m3,200ml/2.5m3,200ml/2m3,200ml/1.5m3.The obtained results were analyzed and investigated in terms of compaction, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR).The changes in engineering properties of the stabilized and unstabilised soils were monitored after curing periods of 0, 7, 15, 21 and 30 days. Changes in compaction properties, UCS and CBR were observed. Based on laboratory data, it has found that laterite treated with terrazyme can give better CBR value. It was also studied that kaloine cannot be treated with Terrazyme.Cohesive soil is mostly preferable for Terrazyme.