Articles

This work presents the state-of-the-art of wireless communication system performance metrics through the reviewing of multi-path propagation model and Singular-Value-Decomposition (SVD) method to enhance the channel capacity in the 4th and 5th generation wireless communication systems. MIMO has shown rapid improvement in data rate by lowering the Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR). In multi-path propagation, fading is a serious issue that increases the overall average Bit-Error Rate (BER). In this research, an improvement of data rate in terms of enhancing the channel capacity of the MIMO system is summarized by reducing the SNR using SVD. An Empirical model of the MIMO system is studied, and an IID Rayleigh-Fading MIMO system is modeled to compute the channel capacity.

Concrete is the third most used substance in the world next to water and air. Production of cement consumes very large amounts of natural resources and 0.9 tons of Carbon Dioxide is produced per ton of cement production which causes about 8% of world Carbon Dioxide emissions. To cope with that industrial and agricultural waste are used in making concrete which will serve two purposes, disposal of waste and conservation of natural resources. The properties of partially substituted concrete is observed in this paper. The behavior of green concrete with rice husk ash (RHA), stone dust (SD) and scrapped rubber as a partial substitution of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate was experimentally explored. In this paper the combine effect of RHA, stone dust and rubber aggregate in different proportions in concrete will be seen. It has been observed that with increase in rubber aggregate compressive strength of concrete decreases but along with that if rice husk ash and stone dust also increases then compressive strength of concrete increases.

One of the most frequent occurrences we witness in our everyday lives is corrosion. We all must have noticed that some objects made of iron are covered with an orange or reddish-brown colored layer at some point in time. Rusting is a type of corrosion that occurs chemically and leads to the production of this coating. In general, it is a process through which a refined metals converted into more stable compounds such as metal oxides, metal sulfides and metal hydroxides. This is now a very challenging situation in the refinery industry. The major portion of the global economy is dependent on the oil and natural gas industry and billions of dollars is invested to reduce the corrosion in the refinery industry. In view of the above some methods or approaches must be adopted to prevent the corrosion. Corrosion resistant is suitable at a temperature of 1000C to prevent sweet corrosion and is stable and shows no technical issues but the performance of the corrosion resistant is limited with rise in the temperature. This is a critical issue to control the sweet corrosion in drilling operation, deeper wells at high temperature and pressure. Till now no such article or patent literature has been published on corrosion inhibitor. And for this reason, a thorough review on corrosion inhibitor at high temperature is very much important. In this review article the corrosion issues at different sectors have been presented. As well as, the sources of the corrosion problem and the corrosion resistant approaches such as engineering design, cathodic protection, the use of corrosion inhibitors and metal coating will be discussed.