Increased pavement temperatures also help in the urban heat island effect and thermal distress in pavements. Extremely low temperatures of pavements induce freeze-thaw damage and low temperature cracking. Pavement applications of phase change materials (PCMs) to mitigate temperature extremes are an emerging area of investigation. Incorporation of PCM into pavements can minimize high and low levels of temperature extremes. PCMs have the ability to store energy in the form of latent heat without rising in temperature or in volume. Encapsulated PCMs are used for pavements to minimize leakage.